Hyperprolactinemia in Children – What Parents Need to Know
If your child has been diagnosed with hyperprolactinemia, you might be wondering what that really means. In simple terms, it’s when the hormone prolactin is higher than normal. Prolactin helps the body make milk after birth, but too much of it can cause unwanted side effects, even in kids who haven’t hit puberty yet.
Kids with high prolactin often complain of headaches, visual changes, or unexplained breast development. Some also notice irregular periods once they reach puberty, or a sudden drop in libido later on. The good news is that most cases have an identifiable cause and can be managed with medication or lifestyle tweaks.
Why Prolactin Levels Rise
Several things can push prolactin up. The most common culprit is a benign pituitary tumor called a prolactinoma. Even tiny tumors can secrete excess hormone. Other triggers include certain medications (like antipsychotics or anti‑nausea drugs), hypothyroidism, and stress.
In kids, we also see congenital issues where the pituitary gland doesn’t work right, or genetic conditions that affect hormone regulation. Infections, head injuries, or even chest wall irritation can nudge prolactin higher too. Identifying the exact cause helps the doctor pick the right treatment plan.
How Doctors Manage Hyperprolactinemia
First, the doctor will confirm the diagnosis with a blood test that measures prolactin levels. Imaging, usually an MRI of the brain, checks for a prolactinoma or other structural problems. If thyroid disease is present, a simple blood panel will catch it.
Medication is the frontline therapy. Dopamine‑agonists such as cabergoline or bromocriptine shrink tumors and lower prolactin. These drugs are generally safe for children when dosed correctly, but regular follow‑up is key to monitor growth and side effects.
When a tumor is large or doesn’t respond to meds, surgery may be recommended. Pediatric neurosurgeons can remove the mass with minimal impact on surrounding tissue. Radiation is a last resort because of long‑term risks.
Lifestyle tweaks also help. Reducing stress, getting enough sleep, and avoiding prolactin‑raising drugs can keep levels in check. For kids on anti‑psychotics, doctors might switch to a medication with less impact on prolactin.
Monitoring doesn’t stop after the first visit. Regular blood draws, vision checks, and growth tracking ensure the treatment stays effective and the child’s development isn’t affected.
Bottom line: hyperprolactinemia in children is treatable. By understanding the cause, staying on top of medication, and keeping regular appointments, you can help your child lead a normal, healthy life.
